The increasing complexity of allograft transplantation workflows has intensified the need for secure, transparent, and auditable data management systems. Conventional centralized healthcare databases often suffer from fragmentation, limited traceability, and susceptibility to manipulation, thereby undermining donor trust and regulatory oversight. Blockchain technology, particularly Ethereum, has emerged as a viable solution to address these challenges through decentralized consensus, immutability, and programmable governance. This paper presents a comprehensive review of an Ethereum-based provenance framework designed to manage the complete lifecycle of allograft transplantation. The review critically analyzes system architecture, smart contract design, provenance modeling, donor–recipient matching strategies, and performance characteristics M.Harini UG Scholar, Dept.of CSE, School of Computing, Mohan Babu University, Tirupati, A.P, India harinivalmiki2004@gmail.com under realistic blockchain conditions. Experimental observations related to gas consumption, latency, and throughput are examined to assess practical feasibility. By situating this framework within the broader landscape of blockchain-enabled healthcare systems, this review highlights key contributions, limitations, and future research directions. The findings suggest that Ethereum-based provenance systems offer a robust foundation for enhancing transparency, accountability, and trust in allograft transplant ecosystems. Keywards—Blockchain Review, Ethereum, Healthcare Provenance, Allograft Transplantation, Smart Contracts, Distributed Ledger Systems